Foul Intentions

As You Like It, by Shakespeare uses the word foul in many different contexts. There are three different versions of foul utilized that will be the focus of this discussion. The first appearance I’ll introduce is when Touchstone is talking to his bride-to-be Audrey. He uses the term foul in front of the word slut and by the Folger Shakespeare Library it is determined to mean, “dirty or slovenly woman, may carry the meaning of woman of loose morals,” (3.3.35). In relation to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) it confirms the idea that “foul” can imply immoral. This all seems to make sense until not even three lines later Audrey uses the same word, but with a completely different meaning, (3.3.38). The book itself has another separate translation of the word foul, defining it as unattractive. The word foul in this context also matches an OED definition that states foul to mean offensive to any of the senses. I feel as if both of these versions of foul can be easily interrelated because they are both being used in a derogatory form towards women. It is strange that only a short amount of time before Touchstone used the term hard-favored to describe an ugly woman. The slight jumping around can appear confusing, but further observation of the context displays that the placement of these words is key to reinforce how poorly Audrey views her outer appearance. In observing the use of the term “foul slut” by Touchstone after seeing the word in another context with Audrey it opens up the interpretive possibilities for this situation. What if Shakespeare was really implying that “foul slut” is not only a dirty woman of loose morals, but also one that is highly unattractive. If we dig deeper aren’t the words dirty and unattractive in a way interchangeable. They both have meanings that are frowned upon in society. Shakespeare’s ability to work two separate meanings of the same word with such a short gap in between is exceptionally impressive. Then later on in the play Hymen, the God of Marriage, uses the term foul to once again mean something different than what has already been displayed. As Hymen speaks to Touchstone and Audrey he says, “ you and you are sure together/ as the winter to foul weather,” (5.4.40-41). This can be interpreted in multiple ways. According to the OED “foul” can also mean unpleasant or in another context it can mean wet and stormy as well. Both of these definitions are fitting in this context, but it once again brings into question the earlier moments in which the word was used. It could be plausible that instead of a dirty woman, Shakespeare was trying to describe an unpleasant woman. This scenario would make much more sense in regards to Audrey’s response stating that she is a woman of foul standard. In this context the word foul could mean the same thing throughout all of these appearances and still make sense throughout the play.